快速發展的經濟讓高速路、車流量等不斷增加,對高速路監控也帶來了較大挑戰。在“大數據”背景下,高速公路各功能系統產生快速、大量、多樣的數據,如何將“大數據”轉換成“強應用”,是新型高速公路監控的發展重點。視頻監控主要應用在收費系統、道路監控系統、隧道監控系統以及管理用房的監控當中,我們需要結合應用車牌識別技術、物聯網技術、存儲技術,使高速公路運營日益智能化、智慧化。
關鍵詞:物聯(lian)網;視頻聯(lian)網;高清
高速公路視頻聯網監控系統發展現狀
近些年我國高(gao)速公路(lu)建設突飛猛進,高(gao)速公路(lu)跨入路(lu)網(wang)(wang)化(hua)時(shi)代,同時(shi)高(gao)速公路(lu)視頻聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)監(jian)控系統(tong)也(ye)變得越來(lai)越完(wan)善,視頻聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)趨(qu)于網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)化(hua)、智能化(hua),有了長足的發展(zhan)。道(dao)(dao)路(lu)越來(lai)越多樣化(hua),網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)視頻監(jian)控不再是一個(ge)點的監(jian)測,實(shi)現(xian)了遠程(cheng)監(jian)測、現(xian)場監(jian)測相結合。數字圖像(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)逐漸取代模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)廣播、智能數字圖像(xiang)(xiang)存儲(chu),而不是存儲(chu)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)閉路(lu)電視系統(tong),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使用大(da)屏幕,屏幕顯示攝像(xiang)(xiang)機等(deng)設備覆蓋(gai)的道(dao)(dao)路(lu)交(jiao)通各個(ge)重要位置,此(ci)外,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)利用一些日志記錄事件,便于今后的分析。
2012年,IP化(hua)(hua)高(gao)清(qing)(qing)視頻(pin)(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)出現,顛(dian)覆了原(yuan)有模擬、標清(qing)(qing)視頻(pin)(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)模式,使(shi)視頻(pin)(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)僅用(yong)(yong)于(yu)日(ri)常實時(shi)監(jian)控(kong)(kong),而且為(wei)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路其(qi)余監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提供基(ji)(ji)礎數(shu)(shu)據(ju),使(shi)整(zheng)體(ti)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)向智能化(hua)(hua)、智慧化(hua)(hua)邁進了一大步。現在的(de)高(gao)清(qing)(qing)視頻(pin)(pin)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),已經逐步成為(wei)收費監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、車牌及(ji)卡(ka)號查詢系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)分發(fa)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)查詢系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、報(bao)警管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、圖(tu)像稽查系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)可(ke)或缺(que)的(de)重(zhong)要基(ji)(ji)礎。高(gao)清(qing)(qing)視頻(pin)(pin)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)具有數(shu)(shu)據(ju)量大,信息(xi)來源多(duo)種多(duo)樣,信息(xi)結構豐富(fu)(結構化(hua)(hua)、非結構化(hua)(hua)),這些都是“大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)”的(de)基(ji)(ji)本特(te)點。通過高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路運營(ying)中心大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)分析(xi)處理,可(ke)以提高(gao)運營(ying)單位數(shu)(shu)據(ju)綜合應用(yong)(yong)水平(ping),不(bu)斷增強數(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)價值,為(wei)提高(gao)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路運營(ying)提供可(ke)靠的(de)決(jue)策數(shu)(shu)據(ju)支持,為(wei)“保暢通、促和諧(xie)”注入新的(de)活力。
高速公路視頻聯網監控系統功能
◆ 實現本地和遠程監視
各監(jian)控(kong)中(zhong)心(xin)來負責控(kong)制(zhi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)工作和(he)監(jian)視(shi)(shi)管理路段視(shi)(shi)頻圖(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang);總中(zhong)心(xin)全路監(jian)控(kong),但不能實現遠程控(kong)制(zhi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)機(ji),利用(yong)監(jian)視(shi)(shi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)儀顯示監(jian)視(shi)(shi)圖(tu)(tu)像(xiang)(xiang),分(fen)中(zhong)心(xin)可以控(kong)制(zhi)攝(she)(she)像(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)錄(lu)像(xiang)(xiang),總中(zhong)心(xin)和(he)分(fen)中(zhong)心(xin)都可以錄(lu)像(xiang)(xiang)、可以調取任意路段視(shi)(shi)頻,采用(yong)大(da)容量存(cun)儲設備(bei)也可實現今后隨時調取錄(lu)像(xiang)(xiang)。
◆ 實現本地和遠程監控
監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)管理(li)路(lu)段視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)控(kong)(kong)制由各路(lu)段監(jian)控(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)負責(ze);監(jian)控(kong)(kong)總中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對全(quan)路(lu)網作宏觀監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)。但(dan)特(te)殊條件如交通事故及特(te)殊運輸等,監(jian)控(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)也可(ke)(ke)監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)管理(li)路(lu)段視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和控(kong)(kong)制攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)。總中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin):監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)路(lu)網任意一(yi)個(ge)攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)的(de)(de)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),特(te)殊情況下,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)控(kong)(kong)制攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji);利用(yong)大(da)屏幕(mu)以(yi)及監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)等設備顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);用(yong)攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)錄像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),便于日后調(diao)看取(qu)證等。分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin):對覆蓋區域(yu)內的(de)(de)攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)進行(xing)監(jian)控(kong)(kong),并(bing)控(kong)(kong)制攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji);利用(yong)大(da)屏幕(mu)以(yi)及監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)等設備顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)監(jian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);用(yong)攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)錄像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),便于日后調(diao)看取(qu)證等。此模式(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),總中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)和分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)控(kong)(kong)制攝(she)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji),并(bing)且總中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)操控(kong)(kong)權(quan)優(you)先于分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)。
◆ 智能視頻分析
高(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)監控(kong)(kong)視頻需要(yao)(yao)調(diao)取(qu)海(hai)量數據,聯網中心需要(yao)(yao)從(cong)大量數據中挖掘有(you)用(yong)信息實現(xian)自動化監控(kong)(kong),提高(gao)(gao)監控(kong)(kong)效(xiao)率(lv)也是一個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)課(ke)題。應(ying)該結合(he)行業(ye)和路(lu)(lu)段(duan)特點,進行專項分析,以提高(gao)(gao)在此(ci)領域的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)。目前(qian)業(ye)內(nei)結合(he)本行業(ye)特點有(you)以下三(san)種方(fang)式(shi):硬盤錄像資料(liao)的(de)(de)稽查檢索;在實際檢驗(yan)過程無法瀏覽所有(you)的(de)(de)海(hai)量圖像數據,只能通過隨機的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi),費(fei)(fei)時費(fei)(fei)力,效(xiao)率(lv)低(di),需要(yao)(yao)一套(tao)智能視頻分析來提高(gao)(gao)檢索系統(tong)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv),在此(ci)方(fang)面已經做了有(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)嘗試;基(ji)于(yu)視頻的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑識(shi)別系統(tong):聯網收費(fei)(fei)在很多省市如(ru)火如(ru)荼的(de)(de)展開(kai)的(de)(de)國家(jia),隨著收費(fei)(fei)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)網規模不(bu)斷擴大,全面準確(que)路(lu)(lu)徑識(shi)別、加密,因此(ci)應(ying)著手解決基(ji)于(yu)視頻的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑識(shi)別系統(tong)其(qi)他互(hu)補的(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)徑識(shi)別。
結合物聯網技術的視頻聯網監控系統功能
◆ 智能車牌識別系統
高速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)營(ying)中心(xin)又(you)具備了(le)分析“大(da)數據(ju)(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力,在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎上,各種(zhong)智能(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統就(jiu)可應(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)運(yun)營(ying)管理中。車(che)(che)牌識(shi)(shi)(shi)別系(xi)(xi)統就(jiu)是其(qi)中核心(xin)業務之一。車(che)(che)牌識(shi)(shi)(shi)別系(xi)(xi)統為(wei)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)堵漏增收,避免(mian)開放式收費(fei)(fei)(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)闖(chuang)崗(gang)事件發生起(qi)到(dao)重要(yao)作用(yong)(yong),系(xi)(xi)統已(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)多年。在(zai)(zai)(zai)“大(da)數據(ju)(ju)”時代,車(che)(che)牌識(shi)(shi)(shi)別系(xi)(xi)統不單單可應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)車(che)(che)道抓拍,在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)系(xi)(xi)統中,可起(qi)到(dao)“打擊逃費(fei)(fei)(fei)”的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)系(xi)(xi)統中,都(dou)面臨(lin)著多路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)徑識(shi)(shi)(shi)別及(ji)結算問題。在(zai)(zai)(zai)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)環(huan)境下(xia)(xia),不可避免(mian)的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)有高速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)環(huan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)情況,即車(che)(che)輛可以在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)內(nei)由一點(dian)出發通(tong)過不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)線達(da)到(dao)目的(de)(de)(de)地。在(zai)(zai)(zai)投資主體多元化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)環(huan)境下(xia)(xia),路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)徑識(shi)(shi)(shi)別不僅僅涉及(ji)每一輛同(tong)行(xing)車(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信費(fei)(fei)(fei)如(ru)何計算,同(tong)時還要(yao)考慮(lv)收入的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)行(xing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)拆分給哪(na)個單位(wei)。為(wei)了(le)解決以上問題,在(zai)(zai)(zai)高速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)所有收費(fei)(fei)(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)入口(kou)車(che)(che)道、出口(kou)車(che)(che)道車(che)(che)牌識(shi)(shi)(shi)別系(xi)(xi)統;在(zai)(zai)(zai)多義(yi)性路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)徑關鍵(jian)點(dian)安裝門架式車(che)(che)牌識(shi)(shi)(shi)別系(xi)(xi)統。
◆ 聯網監控系統數據存儲體系
存儲(chu)已(yi)經(jing)成為高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)監(jian)控(kong)體系(xi)中不(bu)可(ke)(ke)或缺的(de)一部(bu)分(fen)。當前端信息量越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大,區域化(hua)管理需求日趨明顯,建(jian)立高(gao)效、穩(wen)(wen)定、查詢快速(su)(su)的(de)存儲(chu)系(xi)統已(yi)成為高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)業(ye)務管理者的(de)共識。高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)存儲(chu)體系(xi)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為三級(ji),依次為收(shou)費(fei)站(zhan)監(jian)控(kong)數據(ju),路(lu)(lu)(lu)段監(jian)控(kong)中心(xin)數據(ju),省監(jian)控(kong)中心(xin)數據(ju)。高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)考慮到實際應用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)簡易性、穩(wen)(wen)定性,應采用(yong)(yong)(yong)收(shou)費(fei)站(zhan)分(fen)布式存儲(chu)模式,在收(shou)費(fei)站(zhan)部(bu)署基于IP-SAN 架(jia)構的(de)存儲(chu)設(she)備。根據(ju)高(gao)速(su)(su)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)存儲(chu)數據(ju)需要快速(su)(su)、穩(wen)(wen)定調閱的(de)需求,存儲(chu)系(xi)統應使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)iSCSI 直(zhi)存或iSCSI 塊直(zhi)存技術,并輔助以雙機、雙控(kong)、RAID 等容(rong)災技術。
◆ 物聯網技術智能聯網監控
高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)智能化應(ying)用(yong)遠不止于(yu)此,例如(ru)當今最前沿的(de)物聯網技術(shu),在高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)智能交(jiao)通(tong)系統中(zhong)也有(you)(you)大量應(ying)用(yong)。物聯網技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)路(lu)段,可實時(shi)準確(que)獲(huo)取高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi),為交(jiao)通(tong)管理和交(jiao)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)服務(wu)提(ti)供數(shu)據支持,獲(huo)得高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)行(xing)(xing)駛車(che)輛的(de)實時(shi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)和高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)公路(lu)路(lu)面(mian)實時(shi)路(lu)況、車(che)道占(zhan)有(you)(you)率(lv)等。物聯網技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)站(zhan),可建(jian)立不停(ting)車(che)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)系統,利用(yong)RFID 技術(shu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)效率(lv)和通(tong)行(xing)(xing)能力。所有(you)(you)路(lu)段線圈(quan)、收(shou)(shou)費(fei)站(zhan)RFID傳(chuan)感器都可看做(zuo)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)節點,通(tong)過傳(chuan)輸系統傳(chuan)輸至(zhi)運營中(zhong)心管理平臺,應(ying)用(yong)傳(chuan)感信(xin)(xin)息(xi)建(jian)立交(jiao)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)及服務(wu)系統,為出(chu)行(xing)(xing)者(zhe)提(ti)供準確(que)的(de)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi),以(yi)便出(chu)行(xing)(xing)者(zhe)確(que)定(ding)最佳的(de)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)間(jian)、交(jiao)通(tong)路(lu)徑及交(jiao)通(tong)方式(shi)。并可把服務(wu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)通(tong)過運營商網絡發(fa)(fa)布(bu)到出(chu)行(xing)(xing)者(zhe)移動終端(duan)上,可向(xiang)司機(ji)提(ti)供天氣、路(lu)面(mian)狀況、事故易發(fa)(fa)地(di)等信(xin)(xin)息(xi),并可推(tui)薦行(xing)(xing)駛路(lu)線。
結束語
文章從(cong)高速(su)公(gong)路視(shi)頻(pin)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)監(jian)控現狀入手,介(jie)紹了大數據時代智能車(che)牌(pai)識別、物聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)技術等(deng)等(deng)新技術在高速(su)公(gong)路視(shi)頻(pin)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)監(jian)控系統(tong)中(zhong)的應用,并且(qie)對于設備在高速(su)公(gong)路中(zhong)的運(yun)用模式(shi)和功(gong)能做(zuo)了系統(tong)的分析。視(shi)頻(pin)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)監(jian)控涉及交通、管理(li)、法律(lv)、政策等(deng)很多領域,所以在高速(su)公(gong)路中(zhong)建設視(shi)頻(pin)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)系統(tong)非常重要。